Chemistry and Energy of Life
- Atomic Structure
- Atoms Interact and Form Molecules
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Biochemical Changes and Energy
Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
- Nucleic Acids
- Proteins
- Enzymes
- Metabolic Regulation
Cells
- Prokaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Organelles
- Cell Structure
- Cytoskeleton
- Extracellular Structures
Cell Membranes and Signaling
- Biological Membranes
- Passive Transport
- Active Transport
- Vesicles
- Cell Signaling
Pathways the Harvest and Store Chemical Energy
- ATP Hydrolysis
- NADH Oxidation
- Glycolysis
- Pyruvate Oxidation
- Citric Acid Cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Chemiosmosis
- Fermentation
- Catabolic and Anabolic Pathway Integration
- Photosynthesis
Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Asexual Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction
- Binary Fission
- Mitosis
- Cell Cycle Regulation
- Meiosis
- Apoptosis
Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes
- Mendel’s Laws
- Punnett Squares
- Pedigrees
- Incomplete dominance, codominance, epistasis, and sex-linked traits
- Bacterial conjugation
- Chromosomes
DNA and Its Role in Heredity
- DNA Structure
- DNA Replication
- Mutations
DNA to Protein: Gene Expression
- Genes
- Transcription
- Translation
- Protein Modification